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八年级上册Unit 2 topic 2I must ask him to give up smoking.Section A※重点短语集锦1.look tired 看起来很累2.watch a soccer game on TV 在电视上观看一场足球赛 3.stay up ( late ) 熬夜4.go to bed late 晚睡5.be bad/good for… 对……有害/益 6.do morning/eye exercises 做早操/眼保健操7.do exercise=do/play sports 做运动/锻炼8.Put into 投入 9.throw around 乱扔10.keep fingernails long 留长指甲11.play sports right 进行适当的体育锻炼12.go to school without breakfast 不吃早餐去上学第 1 页
※重要知识点讲解1. What’s wrong? = What’s up？= What’s happening ? = What’s the matter/trouble? 怎么了？2. Staying up late is bad for your health. (1) stay up = sit up熬夜, 如：we stayed up until midnight to see the New Year coming. (2) 动词ing形式（动名词）可直接放句首作主语，谓语动词用单三形式。 3．I am sorry to hear that．听到这我感到很难过。这是表示同情的一种说法。当你听到别人不幸的事情时，应说此句用来表示你的同情。4．on TV／the phone“(通过)电视／电话”，或直接译成“在电视上／电话上”。5．I see．我明白了。此句为口语，在这里see指“明白，理解”之意。 e．g．His younger brother didn't see the meaning of the story． 6． going to school without breakfast 不吃早饭去上学。 without介词，没有。without sth．／doing sth．反义词是with 【例】I can’t pass the exam________ your help． A．with B．without C．don’t have D．not haveSection B※重点短语集锦1.Read in the sun 在阳光下阅读 2.in the newspaper 在报纸上 3.help him relax帮助他放松 4.that’s too bad太糟糕了 5.the article says 文章说 6.how terrible太可怕了7.give up 放弃 8.borrow your newspaper借你的报纸9. go for a walk 去散步； take a walk = have a walk 散步※重要知识点讲解1．relax放松。relax sb．／oneself放松某人(某人自己)。e．g．Listening to music can relaxyou．relaxed可用作形容词，“使人感到放松的”。2．I must ask him to give up smoking. give up doing sth. = stop doing sth. 放弃做某事 give up“放弃”，代词放在中间。e．g．give it up3.You must not read in the sun. in the sun 在阳光下(此处不能用under the sun )4. Don’t throw litter around. throw around 到处扔，如：throw litter around = throw around litter (litter是名词，即可以放后也可以放中间，但代词只能放中间，如：throw it around ) litter作动词，意思与throw about相当。e．g．Don't litter the ground with paper．作不可数名词时，指“垃圾，废物”。e．g．You mustn't throw about litter．5. Look, the article says smoking is bad for our lungs and it can even cause cancer. 看，文章上说抽烟对我们的肺有害，它甚至能导致癌症。（1）say 在此处指书面材料，文字记载上的“说”，表示文字材料或可见的东西提供信息、指示等均可用say 。 如：the guidebook say we should turn left. 旅游指南上说我们应向左拐。（2）cause 这个词有两种词性，在此处是动词。 v.导致，引起1）接名词：cause an accident/trouble/death/a fire/a serious illness/damage引起事故/惹麻烦/导致死亡/引起大火/导致重病/造成损害2）接双宾语：cause sb.pain/trouble/damage给某人带来痛苦/麻烦/损害
原因”时是可数名词，意为“理由，缘由”时为不可数名词。如：You have no cause to cry. 你没理
由哭。6.May I borrow your newspaper and show it to my father.我可以借下你的报纸给我
爸爸看看吗？borrow和lend的
区别. 首
先，看看这个词： borrow, 向他人借东西，一般这样来用： borrow something fromsomebody: May I borrow your magazine for a while? 我能借你的
杂志一会儿吗？. lend: vt. & vi.把
…借给(借出去) lend sth to sb.=lend sb sth. Can you lend me 10 dollars? 能借给我
１０块钱吗？7. It will keep you active during the day. (1)keep + 宾语 + 补
语 （补语可以是：动词ing 形式； 形容词； 介词短语 ） ①I’m sorry to keep you waiting for such a long time. (keep sb. doing sth.使某人一直做某事 ) ②Keep the door open, please. (keep sb/sth+形容词表示某人/某事物保
持怎样的状态) ③Once a cold keep the child in bed for three days (keep sb+介词短语表示某人
呆在某地) (2) during the day = in the daytime 在白
天8．enough作形容词时
修饰名词，置于名词的前后均可。如： Do you have enough money? 你有足
够的钱吗？【
链接】(1) enough作副词时，修饰形容词或副词，应置于所修饰的形容词或副词之后，如： She is not old enough to go to school. =She is too young to go to school. 她
太小了，还不能上学。 (2) enough作代词，意为“足
够的东西”，如： I have enough to do . 我要做的事
够多了。【口
诀】enough一词的位置，出“名”在前，幸福“（形”“副”）在后。 【例10】(10年南
充中考) —Does the child need any help? —No．She is________ to dress herself． A．enough old B．young enough C．old enough9．It's+ adj．(for／of sb．)to do sth．(对某人来说)做某事是……，用for指做这
件事情是怎么
样的，e．g．It's difficult for him to get to the bank．用of时，前面的形容词是指这个人的性
格特征。It's very nice of you to help me．Section C※重点短语集锦1. be careful (not) to do sth 小心
（不）干 2.force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人干…3.feel better 感
觉好些了 4.be surprised to do sth. 惊奇于做….5. For example例如 6.take care of 照顾
7.a glass of milk 一杯牛奶 8.keep healthy保
持健康 9.as soon as一…就 10.make sb. do sth. 使某人干…※重要知识点讲解1. Mothers always tell their children what they should eat. 妈妈
们总是告诉他们的孩子他们应该吃
什 么。（1）tell sb to do sth 告诉
某人去做某事 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事（2) what they should eat 为宾语
从句 what 在宾语从句中做宾语2. Be careful not to eat too much salt or sugar. 当
心，不要吃太多的盐或糖。
3）接复合宾语：cuase sb. to do sth使某人做某事The sound caused me to jump back. 那声音吓得我向后退。作名词时，意为“
词，意为“或，或者，还是”，用于表示连接选择、替换的词、短语或从句。如： Are you coming or not? 你来
还是不来？ Is it a boy or a girl? 是个
男孩还是女孩？【
扩展】(1) 意为“也不”，用于否定句，提出两种或多种事物的连接词。如： He can’t read or write. 他不
会写，也不会读。and意为“
和，又，还”，表示并列关系，用于肯定句。如：We have black hair and black eyes.我们有
黑头发还有黑眼睛。（2）意为“
否则，不然”用于警告或忠告。如： Hurry up, or you will be late for school. 赶快
，不然你上学就要迟到了。3. She said it might cause illness. 她
说它可能引起疾病。Illness 名词，意为“
疾病”。ill+ness组成illness. 例如：kindness, happiness.【
辨析】disease 名词，意为“病，疾病”。常指比较严重，通常持续时间久的疾病，常影响特定
的身体部位。illness 常指身体或精神上得疾病。He missed a lot of lessons because of his illness. 他
因生病耽误了很多的功课。Headache is not a disease itself, bu it may show that something is wrong with your health. 头
痛本身
不是病，但它可能会显示出你的健康有问题了。4. Her mother always forced her to drink it. 他的
妈妈总是强迫他喝牛奶。 force sb. to do sth. 强迫
某人做某事 Eg: 这
老板常常强迫工人工作12小时。 This boss often forces the workers to work for 12 hours.5. She had to drink a glass of milk because her mother was always watching her. 她
不得不喝杯牛奶，因为她的妈妈总是看着她。本
句是一个主从复合句，从句是由从属连词because引导的表示“原因”的状语从句，它既
可以至于主句之后，也可以至于其前。because语
势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。6. As soon as Michael saw it, he got mad. Michael 一看见白
菜在他的盘子里，他就很生气。 （1）as soon as 一……
就…… (引导时间状语从句） Eg: 我一到
北京就打电话给你。 I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.（2）mad adj 疯狂
的，发疯；get mad 变得生气7. His mother made him taste it. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 Eg: 妈妈总
是让我学习英语。 My mother always makes me study English.8. He was surprised to find that it was delicious. be surprised to do sth. 对做某事很
惊讶 Eg: 她
很惊讶地发现她的新自行车不见了。 She was surprised to find that her new bike was lost.【
扩展】（1） surprise 动词，意为“使惊讶，使诧异”。如：The news surprised me. 这个
消息使我感到惊讶。（2）surprise 名词，意为“
惊奇”“惊讶”. to one’s surprise “使某人惊讶的是...”如： To my surprise, he is still alive. 使我
惊讶的是，他还活着。 What a nice surprise! 真
是让人惊喜！Section D
or连
wash the hands洗手 keep the air fresh保持空气清新 drink sour milk喝变质牛奶
tidy our rooms整理房间 sweep the floor 扫地 spit in public在公共场合吐痰 helpthem relax帮助他们放松 In fact事
实上 not only…but also… 不仅…而且…have higher risks有
更高的风险 as soon as possible尽可能快地※重要知识点讲解1. We should often open the window to keep the air fresh. 我们应
该经常开窗保持空气清新。 keep 后接形容词。意为“保
持（某种状态）”，keep作系动词，也�
※重要知识点讲解1. What’s wrong? = What’s up？= What’s happening ? = What’s the matter/trouble? 怎么了？2. Staying up late is bad for your health. (1) stay up = sit up熬夜, 如：we stayed up until midnight to see the New Year coming. (2) 动词ing形式（动名词）可直接放句首作主语，谓语动词用单三形式。 3．I am sorry to hear that．听到这我感到很难过。这是表示同情的一种说法。当你听到别人不幸的事情时，应说此句用来表示你的同情。4．on TV／the phone“(通过)电视／电话”，或直接译成“在电视上／电话上”。5．I see．我明白了。此句为口语，在这里see指“明白，理解”之意。 e．g．His younger brother didn't see the meaning of the story． 6． going to school without breakfast 不吃早饭去上学。 without介词，没有。without sth．／doing sth．反义词是with 【例】I can’t pass the exam________ your help． A．with B．without C．don’t have D．not haveSection B※重点短语集锦1.Read in the sun 在阳光下阅读 2.in the newspaper 在报纸上 3.help him relax帮助他放松 4.that’s too bad太糟糕了 5.the article says 文章说 6.how terrible太可怕了7.give up 放弃 8.borrow your newspaper借你的报纸9. go for a walk 去散步； take a walk = have a walk 散步※重要知识点讲解1．relax放松。relax sb．／oneself放松某人(某人自己)。e．g．Listening to music can relaxyou．relaxed可用作形容词，“使人感到放松的”。2．I must ask him to give up smoking. give up doing sth. = stop doing sth. 放弃做某事 give up“放弃”，代词放在中间。e．g．give it up3.You must not read in the sun. in the sun 在阳光下(此处不能用under the sun )4. Don’t throw litter around. throw around 到处扔，如：throw litter around = throw around litter (litter是名词，即可以放后也可以放中间，但代词只能放中间，如：throw it around ) litter作动词，意思与throw about相当。e．g．Don't litter the ground with paper．作不可数名词时，指“垃圾，废物”。e．g．You mustn't throw about litter．5. Look, the article says smoking is bad for our lungs and it can even cause cancer. 看，文章上说抽烟对我们的肺有害，它甚至能导致癌症。（1）say 在此处指书面材料，文字记载上的“说”，表示文字材料或可见的东西提供信息、指示等均可用say 。 如：the guidebook say we should turn left. 旅游指南上说我们应向左拐。（2）cause 这个词有两种词性，在此处是动词。 v.导致，引起1）接名词：cause an accident/trouble/death/a fire/a serious illness/damage引起事故/惹麻烦/导致死亡/引起大火/导致重病/造成损害2）接双宾语：cause sb.pain/trouble/damage给某人带来痛苦/麻烦/损害
原因”时是可数名词，意为“理由，缘由”时为不可数名词。如：You have no cause to cry. 你没理
由哭。6.May I borrow your newspaper and show it to my father.我可以借下你的报纸给我
爸爸看看吗？borrow和lend的
区别. 首
先，看看这个词： borrow, 向他人借东西，一般这样来用： borrow something fromsomebody: May I borrow your magazine for a while? 我能借你的
杂志一会儿吗？. lend: vt. & vi.把
…借给(借出去) lend sth to sb.=lend sb sth. Can you lend me 10 dollars? 能借给我
１０块钱吗？7. It will keep you active during the day. (1)keep + 宾语 + 补
语 （补语可以是：动词ing 形式； 形容词； 介词短语 ） ①I’m sorry to keep you waiting for such a long time. (keep sb. doing sth.使某人一直做某事 ) ②Keep the door open, please. (keep sb/sth+形容词表示某人/某事物保
持怎样的状态) ③Once a cold keep the child in bed for three days (keep sb+介词短语表示某人
呆在某地) (2) during the day = in the daytime 在白
天8．enough作形容词时
修饰名词，置于名词的前后均可。如： Do you have enough money? 你有足
够的钱吗？【
链接】(1) enough作副词时，修饰形容词或副词，应置于所修饰的形容词或副词之后，如： She is not old enough to go to school. =She is too young to go to school. 她
太小了，还不能上学。 (2) enough作代词，意为“足
够的东西”，如： I have enough to do . 我要做的事
够多了。【口
诀】enough一词的位置，出“名”在前，幸福“（形”“副”）在后。 【例10】(10年南
充中考) —Does the child need any help? —No．She is________ to dress herself． A．enough old B．young enough C．old enough9．It's+ adj．(for／of sb．)to do sth．(对某人来说)做某事是……，用for指做这
件事情是怎么
样的，e．g．It's difficult for him to get to the bank．用of时，前面的形容词是指这个人的性
格特征。It's very nice of you to help me．Section C※重点短语集锦1. be careful (not) to do sth 小心
（不）干 2.force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人干…3.feel better 感
觉好些了 4.be surprised to do sth. 惊奇于做….5. For example例如 6.take care of 照顾
7.a glass of milk 一杯牛奶 8.keep healthy保
持健康 9.as soon as一…就 10.make sb. do sth. 使某人干…※重要知识点讲解1. Mothers always tell their children what they should eat. 妈妈
们总是告诉他们的孩子他们应该吃
什 么。（1）tell sb to do sth 告诉
某人去做某事 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事（2) what they should eat 为宾语
从句 what 在宾语从句中做宾语2. Be careful not to eat too much salt or sugar. 当
心，不要吃太多的盐或糖。
3）接复合宾语：cuase sb. to do sth使某人做某事The sound caused me to jump back. 那声音吓得我向后退。作名词时，意为“
词，意为“或，或者，还是”，用于表示连接选择、替换的词、短语或从句。如： Are you coming or not? 你来
还是不来？ Is it a boy or a girl? 是个
男孩还是女孩？【
扩展】(1) 意为“也不”，用于否定句，提出两种或多种事物的连接词。如： He can’t read or write. 他不
会写，也不会读。and意为“
和，又，还”，表示并列关系，用于肯定句。如：We have black hair and black eyes.我们有
黑头发还有黑眼睛。（2）意为“
否则，不然”用于警告或忠告。如： Hurry up, or you will be late for school. 赶快
，不然你上学就要迟到了。3. She said it might cause illness. 她
说它可能引起疾病。Illness 名词，意为“
疾病”。ill+ness组成illness. 例如：kindness, happiness.【
辨析】disease 名词，意为“病，疾病”。常指比较严重，通常持续时间久的疾病，常影响特定
的身体部位。illness 常指身体或精神上得疾病。He missed a lot of lessons because of his illness. 他
因生病耽误了很多的功课。Headache is not a disease itself, bu it may show that something is wrong with your health. 头
痛本身
不是病，但它可能会显示出你的健康有问题了。4. Her mother always forced her to drink it. 他的
妈妈总是强迫他喝牛奶。 force sb. to do sth. 强迫
某人做某事 Eg: 这
老板常常强迫工人工作12小时。 This boss often forces the workers to work for 12 hours.5. She had to drink a glass of milk because her mother was always watching her. 她
不得不喝杯牛奶，因为她的妈妈总是看着她。本
句是一个主从复合句，从句是由从属连词because引导的表示“原因”的状语从句，它既
可以至于主句之后，也可以至于其前。because语
势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。6. As soon as Michael saw it, he got mad. Michael 一看见白
菜在他的盘子里，他就很生气。 （1）as soon as 一……
就…… (引导时间状语从句） Eg: 我一到
北京就打电话给你。 I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.（2）mad adj 疯狂
的，发疯；get mad 变得生气7. His mother made him taste it. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 Eg: 妈妈总
是让我学习英语。 My mother always makes me study English.8. He was surprised to find that it was delicious. be surprised to do sth. 对做某事很
惊讶 Eg: 她
很惊讶地发现她的新自行车不见了。 She was surprised to find that her new bike was lost.【
扩展】（1） surprise 动词，意为“使惊讶，使诧异”。如：The news surprised me. 这个
消息使我感到惊讶。（2）surprise 名词，意为“
惊奇”“惊讶”. to one’s surprise “使某人惊讶的是...”如： To my surprise, he is still alive. 使我
惊讶的是，他还活着。 What a nice surprise! 真
是让人惊喜！Section D
or连
wash the hands洗手 keep the air fresh保持空气清新 drink sour milk喝变质牛奶
tidy our rooms整理房间 sweep the floor 扫地 spit in public在公共场合吐痰 helpthem relax帮助他们放松 In fact事
实上 not only…but also… 不仅…而且…have higher risks有
更高的风险 as soon as possible尽可能快地※重要知识点讲解1. We should often open the window to keep the air fresh. 我们应
该经常开窗保持空气清新。 keep 后接形容词。意为“保
持（某种状态）”，keep作系动词，也�
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