牛津译林版 9A Unit 2-Unit 3 Grammar 宾语从句语法复习（一）由that，if或whether引导的宾语从句解题根本办法：认识宾语，认识从句，注意语序、时态以及各个连词的区别思考：1. 什么是宾语？ 2. 什么是宾语从句？3. 哪个连接词没有含义？哪些连接词是给句子补充含义的？在复合句中，充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。一、由that引导的宾语从句1.that可以引导宾语从句，此时从句部分相当于一个陈述句。that无词义，在从句中不充当成分，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。宾语从句可跟在主句动词（know，think，believe，hope，mean，wish，say等）或主句形容词（afraid，certain，sure，glad，sorry 等）之后。▶I believe (that) you are a person of god character.我认为你是一个具有优秀品质的人。▶I hope (that) she will become a wonderful woman just like her mother.我希望她将成为一个像她母亲一样了不起的女性。▶I am afraid (that) I will lose this important match.恐怕我会输掉这场重要的比赛。▶I am glad (that) you can come for dinner.我很开心你能来吃晚餐。【特别提醒】在以下情况下，that不可省略。（1）当宾语从句的主语是 that 时。▶He says that that is a real golden necklace.他说那是一条真的黄金项链。（2）当宾语从句前有插入语时。▶He says, for example, that he is interested in Maths.他说，例如他对数学感兴趣。2.由 that 引导的宾语从句的否定形式当主句的主语是第一人称（I，we），而且谓语动词是think，guess，believe，suppose，expect等时，如果从句要表达否定含义，则否定只能体现在主句的谓语动词上面，这种情况叫作否定前移。▶I don ’ t th ink (that) the girl can do the work alone.我认为这个女孩自己做不了这份工作。▶I don ’ t believe (that) he refused the invitation.我相信他没有拒绝邀请。二、由if或whether引导的宾语从句if或whether都意为“是否”，常放在动词ask，see，say，know，find out等之后。它们引导宾语从句时，在从句中不充当句子成分，但不能省略。这类从句一般可理解为由一般疑问句形式或选择疑问句形式转变而来，但要使用陈述语序。一般情况下，在宾语从句中if和whether可以互换使用，在口语中多用if。▶He asked me if/whether I could help him.他问我是否可以帮助他。▶Could you tell me if/whether he knows her address?你能告诉我他是否知道她的地址吗?【特别提醒】在以下情况下，两者不能互换。（1）与or not直接连用时，只能用whether，不能用if。▶Nobody knows whether or not it will rain tomorrow.没有人知道明天是否会下雨。（2）作介词的宾语时，只能用whether，不能用if。▶The boy worries about whether he has hurt his mothers heart.男孩担心他是否伤了妈妈的心。（3）与动词不定式连用时，只能用whether，不能用if。▶I can’t decide whether to go or to stay. 我不能决定是走是留。（4）作discus等词的宾语时，只能用whether不能用if。▶We discussed whether we should close the shop. 我们讨论是否该关闭那家商店。（二）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句我们可用连接代词（who，whom，whose，which，what）或连接副词（where，how，why，when）引导宾语从句，连接代词或连接副词有具体含义，并在从句中充当成分，因此不可省略。此时从句部分的语义相当于一个特殊疑问句。一、连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句第 1 页 共 3 页


功能引导词及其从义连接代词可在含句中作主语、宾语和定语who谁（主
格）whom谁（宾
格wwhose谁的what什么）hich哪个连接副词在从句中作
候where哪
里how怎
状语when什么时
样；如何why为什么
教室里唱歌?在宾吗语从句中作主语▶Could you tell me whom you spoke to just now?你能告诉我你
刚才在和谁说话在?吗宾语从句中作宾语▶It’s the house whose door is painted red.这
就是门被漆成红色的那间房n在宾语从句中作定语▶Do you k子。ow when he was born?你知道他
何时出生的吗?在宾语从句中作
状语二、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序
须是陈述语序。▶I don’t know what they are looking for.我不知道他们在
找u▶Co什么。ld you tell me when the train will leave?你能告诉我
火车什么时候开吗?三
、宾语从句的时态①若
主句为一般现在时，则宾语从句要根据语境选择所需要的任何 ▶I know when时态。she will come tomorrow.我知道明天她什么时
候来。②若
主句为一般过去时，则宾语从句也要用过去的某 ▶He knew when种时态。Tom would come tomorrow.他知道
汤姆明天什么时候h。▶He knew w来ere Tom had gone.他知道
汤姆去哪儿了。③若
宾语从句表示的是客观真理、自然现象、谚g般现在时。▶He said that li语等，等那么无论主句是什么时态，从句都要用一ht travels much faster than sound.他说
光比声音传播得快得▶多。The teacher said one and one makes two.老师
说一加一等于二。四
、宾语从句有时可转化问“疑成词+动词不定式”结构如果主句的主语与从句的主语一
致，由疑问词引导的宾语从句就可以转化为“疑问词+动词不定式”
结构n▶I wa。t to know how I get there.→I want to know how to get there.我
想知道怎样去那里▶。I don’t know which sweater I should buy.→I don’t know which sweater to buy.我不知道该
买哪一件毛衣专
项练共 I. 选择题第 2 页 习3 页词类在宾语从句中的
▶Do youknow who is singing in the classroom?你知道谁正在


。1. --May I ask ____ you will come to our party this weekend? --Yes, I will be glad to. 2.I wonder _______ they will go on with their research work or not.3. I hope _______ Sunshine School Football Team can win the match.4. I believe ________ I have made a wise decision, so I won’t change my mind.5. I don’t know ________ Jack can jump farther than Peter.6. I hope _______ all my dreams can come true.7. Lily told me _______ the famous singer would come to China three days later.8. I’m not sure _________ my parents will agree me on going camping.9. Could you tell me ______ it will rain tomorrow?10. Helen has decided _______ she will go to England with her mother.第 3 页 共 3 页
1. --Do you know _________ Amy will go to the charity show or not? --Yes. I believe ________ she will go. She never misses a chance to do something for charities.A. that; thatB. that; whetherC. whether; whetherD. whether; that2.Excuse me, I wonder ________ the plance can land on time.A. whichB. thatC. ifD. when3.We all knlow that light _______ faster than sound.A. to travelB. travelsC. travellingD. travelled4.--I wonder ________ there is a bus here to Downing Street. --Yes. Bus No. 101.A. thatB. whenC. whyD. whether5.--Excuse me, do you know _________? I’ve just missed my train. --Yes. There is one in 10 minutes.A. how can I get to the train stationB. if there’s another train laterC. when I should arrive at the train stationD. how much a train ticket costs6. Before you ask someone for help, find out _______ he is the right person for your problem.A. sinceB. thatC.whetherD.unless7. Martin believes ________ July is the hottest month in Nanjing.A.whereB.thatC.whyD.whether8. John told his little daughter the earth _______ from the west to the east.A. movedB.movingC.movesD. move9. --What did Amy say to you just now, Winnie? --She asked ________________________.A. why I am so happy todayB. what will I do for the weekendC. who did I play football with after schoolD. if I could go to the movies with him tonight10. --Do you believe ______ man can live on Mars in the future? --It’s hard to say. Scientists are still not sure ______ we can grow plants on Mars.A. if; thatB.whether; ifC.that; thatD.that; whetherII. 选择that, if或whether填空