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23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版1Unit 3 Multimedia and Its Applications 3.1 Computer Graphics 3.2 Multimedia 3.3 Computer Animation 3.4 Multimedia Software 3.5 Virtual Reality 3.6 Computer Aided Design 3.7 专业英语中被动语态与长句的运用 3.8 习题答案与参考译文
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版23.1 Computer Graphics3.1.1 Text A•Computer graphics is a wonderful invention in the field of computers. •The art of creating pictures with a computer has got numerous applications, that it is of great importance to explore the intrinsic of the world of computer graphics.
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版3Graphics Primitives•A primitive is a graphics object that is essential for the creation or construction of complex images. •A pixel is a point of light. It is just one tiny dot on the raster displays. •Lines, especially straight lines, constitute an important building block of computer images. •In computer graphics, straight line is so basic in creating images that we call it a graphics primitive.
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版4•A polygon, even though generally constructed from straight lines, is an important graphics primitive.•Implementing a polygon as a graphics primitive is natural and helpful. •We can define polygon as an image which consists of a finite ordered set of straight boundaries called edges.
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版5Output Primitives•Graphics programming packages provide functions to describe a scene in terms of these basic geometric structures, referred to as output primitives, and to group sets of output primitives into more complex structures. •Points and straight-line segments are the simplest geometric components of pictures.
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版6•Point plotting is accomplished by converting a single coordinate position furnished by an application program into appropriate operations for the output device in use.•Line drawing is accomplished by calculating intermediate positions along the line path between two specified endpoint positions. •An output device is then directed to fill in these positions between the endpoints.
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版7•Digital devices display a straight-line segment by plotting discrete points between the two endpoints. •For a raster video display, the line color (intensity) is then loaded into the frame buffer at the corresponding pixel coordinates. •More effective techniques for smoothing raster lines are based on adjusting pixel intensities along the line paths.
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版8Key Words adjust 调整，校正alternately 轮流地，交替地appearance 外观，出场appropriate 适当的，恰当的architectural 建筑上的，建筑学的conic 圆锥曲面consecutive 连续的，依次相续的corner 角落，角，拐角curve 弧线，曲线，弯曲deflection 偏斜，偏角，偏转dimensional 维的，尺寸的discrete 分离的，不相关的，非连续diverse 不同的，多种多样的，变化多的
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版9Key Words elliptic 椭圆形的endpoint 终点feature 特征，特点fortunately 幸运地intensity 强烈，强度，力度intrinsic 本质的，真正的numerous 很多的，多数的phosphor 荧光pixel 像素polygon 多边形proportional 比例的，成比例的，相称的purely 完全地，十足地
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版10Key Words quadric 二次曲面raster 光栅ratio 比率，系数，比值scene 场景，布景smoothly 平滑地，流畅地solid 可靠的，实心的，固体的spline 齿条，花键，方栓straight 直，整齐surface 表面，外观vertex（复数vertices） 顶点，最高点visualization 可见性，形象化zigzag 锯齿
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版11Notes [1] It is used in diverse areas such as displaying the results of engineering and scientific computations and visualization, producing television commercials and feature films, simulation and analysis of real world problems, computer aided design, graphical user interfaces the communication bandwidth between humans and machines, etc.•说明：这是一个典型的长句，主句是“It is used in diverse areas”，其后的部分作宾语补足语。•译文：它应用于不同领域，如演示工程和科学计算及可视化的结果，制作电视广告和特色电影，现实世界问题的模拟和分析，计算机辅助设计，增加人机间通信带宽的图形用户接口等。
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版12Notes [2] A structural method determines which pixels should be set before drawing the line, a conditional method tests certain conditions to find which pixel should be set next.•说明：这是一个并列句，每部分讲述一种方法，前部分的“which pixels should be set before drawing the line”是宾语从句；后部分的“to find which pixel should be set next”作宾语补足语。•译文：结构方法是在画线之前决定像素的位置，条件方法是先验证一定的条件从而再决定像素的位置。
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版13Notes [3] A polygon, even though generally constructed from straight lines, is an important graphics primitive.•说明：本句中的“even though generally constructed from straight lines”作非限定性定语。•译文：多边形，尽管通常由直线组成，但它也是重要的图形元素。
以通过使用高分辨率显示系统来改善这一点。
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版14Notes [4] The characteristic stair step shape of raster lines is particularly noticeable on systems with low resolution, and we can improve their appearance somewhat by displaying them on high-resolution systems.•说明：本句是并列句，在前部分，“The characteristic stair step shape”是主语，“raster lines”作定语；后部分中，“we”是主语，“by displaying them on high-resolution systems”是方式状语。•译文：光栅线的这种特有的阶梯现象在低分辨率的系统上特别明显，我们可
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版153.1.2 Text B•A digital image is an array of real or complex numbers represented by a finite number of bits. •An image given in the form of a transparency, slide, photograph, or chart is first digitized and stored as a matrix of binary digits in computer memory. •For display, the image is stored in a rapid-access buffer memory which refreshes the monitor at 30 frames/s to produce a visibly continuous display.
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版16•Digital image processing has a broad spectrum of applications, such as remote sensing via satellites and other spacecrafts, image transmission and storage for business applications, medical processing, radar, sonar, and acoustic image processing, robotics, and automated inspection of industrial parts.•Images acquired by satellites are useful in tracking of earth resources; geographical mapping; prediction of agricultural crops, urban growth, and weather; flood and fire control; and many other environmental applications.
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版17Image File Formats •Image file formats provide a standardized method of organizing and storing image data. •Image files are made up of either pixels or vector data. Image compression is a method of using algorithms to decrease file size. There are many image file formats, for example, JPEG, PGF, TIFF, GIF and BMP. –The JPEG files do suffer stepwise degradation when repeatedly edited and saved.
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版18–The PGF (Progressive Graphics File) is a newly introduced wavelet-based bitmapped image format. –TIFF is a popular format for high color depth images, along with JPEG and PNG. –GIF is well-suited for more simple images such as graphics or solid areas of color. –The BMP format is used internally in the Microsoft Windows operating system to handle graphics images.
的，声 agricultural 学的 农
业的，农 animation学的 动画
片artifact 人工制
品，手工艺品，加工obackgr品und 背
景，底bitmap 位图色cartoon 卡
通，漫 compression画 压缩
，压紧，加n digitizatio压 数
字 facsimile 化 传
真，复制，摹 fashion 本 时尚
， inclusion 时装 包含
， internally 包括 内
部， joint 内 接
头，关节，接 lossless 合 无损
，无失真
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版19Key Words acoustic 听觉
动，机动， military 操纵 军事
的，军 palette 用的 调色
板progressive 进步
的，进行 simplicity 的 简单
，纯朴， slide 简朴 幻灯片
，滑面，声纳sonar 载片spectrum 谱
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版23.1 Computer Graphics3.1.1 Text A•Computer graphics is a wonderful invention in the field of computers. •The art of creating pictures with a computer has got numerous applications, that it is of great importance to explore the intrinsic of the world of computer graphics.
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版3Graphics Primitives•A primitive is a graphics object that is essential for the creation or construction of complex images. •A pixel is a point of light. It is just one tiny dot on the raster displays. •Lines, especially straight lines, constitute an important building block of computer images. •In computer graphics, straight line is so basic in creating images that we call it a graphics primitive.
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版4•A polygon, even though generally constructed from straight lines, is an important graphics primitive.•Implementing a polygon as a graphics primitive is natural and helpful. •We can define polygon as an image which consists of a finite ordered set of straight boundaries called edges.
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版5Output Primitives•Graphics programming packages provide functions to describe a scene in terms of these basic geometric structures, referred to as output primitives, and to group sets of output primitives into more complex structures. •Points and straight-line segments are the simplest geometric components of pictures.
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版6•Point plotting is accomplished by converting a single coordinate position furnished by an application program into appropriate operations for the output device in use.•Line drawing is accomplished by calculating intermediate positions along the line path between two specified endpoint positions. •An output device is then directed to fill in these positions between the endpoints.
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版7•Digital devices display a straight-line segment by plotting discrete points between the two endpoints. •For a raster video display, the line color (intensity) is then loaded into the frame buffer at the corresponding pixel coordinates. •More effective techniques for smoothing raster lines are based on adjusting pixel intensities along the line paths.
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版8Key Words adjust 调整，校正alternately 轮流地，交替地appearance 外观，出场appropriate 适当的，恰当的architectural 建筑上的，建筑学的conic 圆锥曲面consecutive 连续的，依次相续的corner 角落，角，拐角curve 弧线，曲线，弯曲deflection 偏斜，偏角，偏转dimensional 维的，尺寸的discrete 分离的，不相关的，非连续diverse 不同的，多种多样的，变化多的
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版9Key Words elliptic 椭圆形的endpoint 终点feature 特征，特点fortunately 幸运地intensity 强烈，强度，力度intrinsic 本质的，真正的numerous 很多的，多数的phosphor 荧光pixel 像素polygon 多边形proportional 比例的，成比例的，相称的purely 完全地，十足地
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版10Key Words quadric 二次曲面raster 光栅ratio 比率，系数，比值scene 场景，布景smoothly 平滑地，流畅地solid 可靠的，实心的，固体的spline 齿条，花键，方栓straight 直，整齐surface 表面，外观vertex（复数vertices） 顶点，最高点visualization 可见性，形象化zigzag 锯齿
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版11Notes [1] It is used in diverse areas such as displaying the results of engineering and scientific computations and visualization, producing television commercials and feature films, simulation and analysis of real world problems, computer aided design, graphical user interfaces the communication bandwidth between humans and machines, etc.•说明：这是一个典型的长句，主句是“It is used in diverse areas”，其后的部分作宾语补足语。•译文：它应用于不同领域，如演示工程和科学计算及可视化的结果，制作电视广告和特色电影，现实世界问题的模拟和分析，计算机辅助设计，增加人机间通信带宽的图形用户接口等。
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版12Notes [2] A structural method determines which pixels should be set before drawing the line, a conditional method tests certain conditions to find which pixel should be set next.•说明：这是一个并列句，每部分讲述一种方法，前部分的“which pixels should be set before drawing the line”是宾语从句；后部分的“to find which pixel should be set next”作宾语补足语。•译文：结构方法是在画线之前决定像素的位置，条件方法是先验证一定的条件从而再决定像素的位置。
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版13Notes [3] A polygon, even though generally constructed from straight lines, is an important graphics primitive.•说明：本句中的“even though generally constructed from straight lines”作非限定性定语。•译文：多边形，尽管通常由直线组成，但它也是重要的图形元素。
以通过使用高分辨率显示系统来改善这一点。
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版14Notes [4] The characteristic stair step shape of raster lines is particularly noticeable on systems with low resolution, and we can improve their appearance somewhat by displaying them on high-resolution systems.•说明：本句是并列句，在前部分，“The characteristic stair step shape”是主语，“raster lines”作定语；后部分中，“we”是主语，“by displaying them on high-resolution systems”是方式状语。•译文：光栅线的这种特有的阶梯现象在低分辨率的系统上特别明显，我们可
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版153.1.2 Text B•A digital image is an array of real or complex numbers represented by a finite number of bits. •An image given in the form of a transparency, slide, photograph, or chart is first digitized and stored as a matrix of binary digits in computer memory. •For display, the image is stored in a rapid-access buffer memory which refreshes the monitor at 30 frames/s to produce a visibly continuous display.
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版16•Digital image processing has a broad spectrum of applications, such as remote sensing via satellites and other spacecrafts, image transmission and storage for business applications, medical processing, radar, sonar, and acoustic image processing, robotics, and automated inspection of industrial parts.•Images acquired by satellites are useful in tracking of earth resources; geographical mapping; prediction of agricultural crops, urban growth, and weather; flood and fire control; and many other environmental applications.
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版17Image File Formats •Image file formats provide a standardized method of organizing and storing image data. •Image files are made up of either pixels or vector data. Image compression is a method of using algorithms to decrease file size. There are many image file formats, for example, JPEG, PGF, TIFF, GIF and BMP. –The JPEG files do suffer stepwise degradation when repeatedly edited and saved.
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版18–The PGF (Progressive Graphics File) is a newly introduced wavelet-based bitmapped image format. –TIFF is a popular format for high color depth images, along with JPEG and PNG. –GIF is well-suited for more simple images such as graphics or solid areas of color. –The BMP format is used internally in the Microsoft Windows operating system to handle graphics images.
的，声 agricultural 学的 农
业的，农 animation学的 动画
片artifact 人工制
品，手工艺品，加工obackgr品und 背
景，底bitmap 位图色cartoon 卡
通，漫 compression画 压缩
，压紧，加n digitizatio压 数
字 facsimile 化 传
真，复制，摹 fashion 本 时尚
， inclusion 时装 包含
， internally 包括 内
部， joint 内 接
头，关节，接 lossless 合 无损
，无失真
23/3/27计算机专业英语第4版19Key Words acoustic 听觉
动，机动， military 操纵 军事
的，军 palette 用的 调色
板progressive 进步
的，进行 simplicity 的 简单
，纯朴， slide 简朴 幻灯片
，滑面，声纳sonar 载片spectrum 谱
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