Unit 10 You’re supposed to shake hands.词句精讲精练【词汇精讲】1. bow(1) bow作名词，意为“弓，弓形物”。例如：He raised his bow slowly and let the arrow fly. 他慢慢地举起弓，让箭飞出去。The boy made a deep bow to the teacher and ran away. 那个孩子向老师深深地鞠了一个躬然后跑掉了。(2) bow作动词，意为“鞠躬，低下头”。例如：He bowed his head in shame. 他惭愧地低下头来。 She bowed her thanks. 她鞠躬致谢。 Age had bowed his once straight back. 他年事已高,过去挺直的腰板弯了。 2. relaxrelax是动词，可以作不及物动词或及物动词，作及物动词时，宾语是人，表示“使某人放松；使某人休息；使某人轻松”。例如：Now I want to rest and relax. （作不及物动词）现在我得休息一下，放松放松。I need a cup of tea to relax myself. （作及物动词）我需要喝杯茶使自己轻松一下。【拓展】relaxed；relaxing(1) relaxed是形容词，意为“某人感到轻松、放松、不受拘束的”。指某人“感到”轻松。通常用来形容人。有类似用法的词有interested\excited\surprised\bored\tired。例如：He is feeling relaxed. = He is relaxed. 他感到很轻松。 The song can make me relaxed. 这首歌让我感到轻松。(2) relaxing是形容词，意为“某事情令人轻松的”，指某事或者某物“令人”轻松。通常用来修饰物或事。有类似用法的词有interesting\exciting\surprising\boring\tiring。例如：The song is relaxing. 这首歌真使人轻松。 You can listen to relaxing music in the bath! 你可以边洗澡边听（令人）轻松的音乐。3. effort (1) effort作名词，基本含意为“力气；努力”，作此解时只用作单数形式；effort还可以引申表示“努力；奋斗”，作此解时是可数名词；effort还可表示“作品；成就”，为可数名词。例如：It doesn’t need much effort. 那不需要太多的努力。A great deal of effort has gone into this exhibition. 为了这次展览投入了很大力量。His efforts were wasted. 他的努力都白费了。Finishing the work in one day was a very good effort. 在一天内完成这项工作是努力的结果。（2）effort 常用于以下短语make efforts/ make an effort/ make every effort中，意为“做出努力”，后面常接动词不定式，表示“努力做某事”。例如： The workers are making efforts to fulfill this year’s plan. 工人们正在努力完成今年的生产计划。The prisoner made an effort to escape, but he couldn’t climb the prison wall.第 1 页


话（2）作名词，表示？“态度, 举
止”。例如：His manner was slightly rude, but you mustn’t mind. 他的
态度有点粗鲁，但是你千万（3）作名词，表示别介意。“礼貌, 礼节”，常用
复s It’数形式。例如：bad manners to talk with a full mouth. 嘴里吃
着东西说话是不礼貌Y的。ou should have good manners all the time. 任何
时候都应该有礼貌“（4）作名词，表示。风俗, 习俗”，常用
复i It 数形式。例如：s interesting to learn the manners and customs of other countries. 了解其他
国家的风俗习惯是很有趣7. exchange的。（1）作动词，意为“交换”，引申可表示“交
流”经验、思想等yThe two girls alwa。例如：s exchanged Christmas gifts.两
个女孩经常交换圣诞礼s The two armie物。exchanged prisoners.作
战双方交换战俘 We。shall have opportunity to exchange views tomorrow.我们
明天有机会交换看Th法。ey exchanged experiences at the meeting.他们在
会上交流经验。（2）exchange作及物动词时，其宾语后常接介词for，表示“以……换
与”；接介词with表示“取某人交第 2 页
囚犯企图越狱，但是爬不上监狱的墙。I will make every effort to arrive on time. 我将尽一切努力准时到达。4. knock （1）knock 作动词，意为“敲，击打”。其后通常跟介词on或at，然后接宾语。例如： Someone is knocking at/ on the door. 有人敲门。 She knocked at / on the window. 她敲了敲窗户。（2）knock 作名词，意为“敲击声，敲击”。例如： I heard a knock at the door. 我听到了敲门声。5. take off（1）take off可作“脱下”讲，反义词组为put on，意为“穿上”。例如： Put on your clothes. Don’t take them off. 把衣服穿上，别脱下。 （2）take off可作“起飞”讲，反义词为land，意为“着陆”。例如： When will the plane take off? 飞机什么时候起飞？ 【拓展】常见的含有take的词组： take turns轮流 take away拿走 take out拿出，取出 take over接手，接管 take notes 做笔记 take care当心，注意 take care of 照顾 take photos 照相 take it easy别紧张6. manner（1）作名词，表示“做事的方法, 事情发生的方式”。例如：Why are you talking in such a strange manner? 你为什么用这种奇怪的方式谈


某人交流（想法等）”。例如：I’d like to exchange a watch for a camera.我
想用表换oW相机。uld you like to exchange places with me? 你
愿意跟我换一下地方吗? He likes to exchange ideas with others.他
喜欢与别人交流思想【拓展】（1。）exchange作名词，意为“交换”。例如： There have been numerous exchanges of views between the two governments.两国政府间曾
多次交换c（2）ex意见。hange作名词，意为“兑换
，I’d”。例如：兑换率 like to know the exchange rate for German marks. 我
想知道德国马克的兑换率3（。）exchange作名词，意为“交易所”。例如：She works at the Stock Exchange. 她在
证券交易所e8. behav工作。 （1）作动词，意为“表现，
行为举 ”。止例如：　　The young lady behaved courageously in the face of danger.　　
那位年轻女士面对危险表现得十分勇敢。　　She behaves (towards me) more like a friend than a mother. 她
像朋友一样（待, 我）而不像是我的re.It’s hard to train child母亲n to behave well at the table. 培养儿童
用餐时举止得体是很困难的。（2）作动词，意为“（机
器等）开动，运转”。例如：How is the new machine behaving?　新
机器运行地怎么）?【拓展】（1样behavior作名词，意为“行
为，举止；”态度。例如： He was on his best behavior. 他表现
极好h（2）be。avior作名词，意为“（机
器等的）运转状态，。例如：”性能The aircraft’s behavior was satisfactory on its first test flight. 那
架飞机在第一次试飞时运转情况令人满 9. except 意。 except作介词，意为“除……之外”，其后跟名词、
代词、介词短语、that从句或what从e例如： I go to school 句。very day except Saturday and Sunday. 除
了周六和周日，我每天都上学e【拓展】except; 。xcept for和but的
辨析： 这
三的意“除……个短语都有”之外思，但具体用法不同：except表示“除……之外
（没……）有”，着重强调在同人或物中类除或去一个几个人或物。表示一种
排除关系。有“减除”之意。第 3 页
换(某物)/与


同。但着重强调整句的内容，且习惯用于every；上all；any；nothing；who等
词后。except for表示“除……之外”，常
对某种基本情进况行具体的、节细方面的修正，其后所接的词
同句子的主语不是同类的，指从整体中除去一个细节 例如： We are，一个方面。all here except/but Tom. 除
外Tom了，我们都到齐了。（不cTom） She 包括ould do nothing but cry. 除
了哭，她没有别的办 He is a good man法。except for hot temper. 他是个
好人，除了脾气暴躁 10. suggestion 。（1）suggestion 作可数名词，表示“建议
；。例如：”提议He has given me a helpful suggestion. 他
给我提了一项有益的u（2）s建议ggestion 作不可数名词，表示“联想
；暗”示。例如：The power of suggestion is very strong.暗
示的力量是无比强i【拓展】suggest大的。on 的动词形式是suggest ，意为“建议”，有以下用法：（1）可接名词做宾语。例如：We suggested a visit to the museum the next day.我们
建议明天去参观博物馆。（2）可接动名词做宾语。例如：I suggested putting off the sports meet.我
建议将运动会延期。They suggested waiting until the proper time.他们
建议(我们)等到恰当的时机才行动。（3）可接that宾语
从句，that从动词s句用ould+h原形，should可以省略 She suggested that。例如：the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday.她
建议班会不要在星期六举行 We。suggested that he (should) go and make an apology to his teacher.我们
建议他去向老师道歉练【词汇精。】I. 根据汉
及首语母字提示补全e词。1．Th单 bottle is _______(空
的) and there’s nothing in it．2．She wants to be an _______(交换) student．3．The old man loves his _______(孙女) very much and he often buys presents for her．4．I am busy _______(除……之外) Friday．We can go to the movies on that day．5．It’s not _______(礼貌
的) to say that you are full．6．Beijing is the c______ of China．7．We usually have lunch at n_______．8．Lisa will make her e_______ to study English well because she wants to be an international guide．9．The teacher is using a piece of white c_______ to write．10．In the front of the classroom，you can see a b_______ on the wall． 。第 4 页
but和except的用法基本相


所给单词的适当形式填空 1．“Good morning”is a _______(greet)．2．My。hometown is in the _______(north) part of the country．3．He put something _______(value) into the drawer and locked it．4．The book is very interesting and it is worth _______(read)．5．She gave me so many good _______(suggest) and I said thanks to her．6．There aren’t any _______(different) between the two pictures．7．I g