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热点04 语法填空(新高考)-2021年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(解析版).docx
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【命题趋势】在一篇200左右词的短文中留出十个空白,所设空白分有词填空和无词填空二种。有词填空题考查:时态、语态、形容词或副词的级、非谓语动词和简单构词法。无词填空考查:代词、冠词、连词、介词和情态动词。要求考生根据空白所在句的句式结构及句子间的逻辑关系,用适当的词或所给词的适当形式填写,以便使短文准确无误。本题型主要考查考生在文章中正确使用英语语法知识的能力。【满分技巧】 答题原则:以句子为单位来考虑含有空白的句子。答不出时,再考虑设空所在句与前句或后句的关系。A. 有词填空题 这类题在一个设空处可填一至三个词,其中考查最多、最难的是用动词的正确形式填空。这包含对时态、语态、非谓语动词及构词法知识的考查。首先要确定该空应该使用谓语动词(时态、语态、)还是用非谓语动词。规律是:每个句子(从第一个词到句号或叹号算作一个句子)都遵循这个等式:谓语数-1=连词数。其中一个破折号(若后面是句子)、分号、冒号算作一个连词;连接并列成分的连词,承接上文的连词,以及 when、if、though与非谓语动词连用时的不计数。在填含有已给动词的空白时,依据已知的谓语动词和连词的数量所构成的等式来判断。若左边(前面)再加1等式才成立,需要填谓语动词;若相等,需要填非谓语动词(详见下列《技巧应用》)B. 无词填空题这类题一个空白只许填一个词,其中考查最多、最难的是填从属连词。判断是否填连词的方法也是根据上述等式(遇到难句、长句、复杂句,才使用)来考虑:即, 若右边(后面)再加1等式才成立, 需要填连词。考查代词、冠词、连词、介词、形容词或副词的级和情态动词的填空题相对较简单。将在《技巧应用》或《限时检测》中详述。【热点话题】阅读、健康、运动、社会热点、垃圾分类、文化介绍等英语语法填空高考考点整理原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!热点04 语法填空1


们开始减少他对们我从野外采集的猎物的依赖,而更多地依赖他们饲养
的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子,宾语从句部分缺主语,所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意,此处缺“什么”之
意。故填what。)(2015全国2卷)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly___thick the adobe walls needed to be to makethe cycle work on most days.(how 引导宾语从句)3同
位语从句原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!2
一、从句引导词1定语从句(2020年山东省高考英语试卷(新高考全国Ⅰ卷)) The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum 39 opened in 1759. (which/that 本句考查定语从句)(2019全国2卷)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, she opened with herlate husband Les. (which 非限制性定语从句)(2018全国1卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014_____showed a mere five to 10 minutea day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.(that/which 定语从句,指物,在从句中做主语故用关系代词)(2018全国2卷)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government stared a soil-testingprogram gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers.(that/which 定语从句,指物,在从句中做主语故用关系代词)(2017全国1卷)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.(which 非限制性定语从句)(2016全国1卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the firstWestern TV reporter...(when 非限制性定语从句,先行词是时间,在从句中做时间状语)2宾语从句(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷) Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on 57 . could be hunted or gathered from the wild,and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.(what 考查名词性从句。句意:在几千年的时间里,


位语从句)二、谓语动词的的
变态1时式(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷) New methods 65 . (mean) that fewer people worked in farming.(meant 句意:新方法意
味着更少
的人从事农业。分析句子,主句部分无其他动词,故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时,根据时态一致原则此处也应为
过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。)(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷) By about 6000 BC,people 61 (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. (haddiscovered 句意:
大约在公元前6000年,人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子,简单句中除了提示
词外无其余,动词故此语需用动词处时态。逻辑主的和提示词之间示表主动逻辑。by + 过去 间时译为“到…为止”后面的句子用,
过去完年had discovered.)(2020成时。故填山东省高考英语试卷(新高考全国Ⅰ卷)) The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38 (form)the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759. (formed 句子中有
明确的过去时间状语,因此谓语部分用n去时)(2019全国1卷) In recent years some I过uit people in Nunayut (report) increases in bear sightings around humansettlements.(have reported 现
在完成时,标志)in recent years是(2019全国2卷)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene (declare) she had no plans to retire fromher 36-year-old business. (declared 一
般过去2(2019全国时)卷) I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 (make) over the years.(have made 现在
完成时,标志over the years)是(2018全国1卷) While running regularly can’t make you live forever,the review says it ___(be)more effective atlengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.(is 一
般现(2018在时)全国2卷)Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice.(has grown现
在完成时,标志since)(是2018全国2卷)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government (start) a soil-testingprogram that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers.(started 一
般过去时,标志为过去2005时间点年)原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!3
(2019全国1卷)While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far southas James Bay in Canada.(that 同


), which becameknown to the tube.(managed 根据全文时态判定为一
般过去(2016全国2时)卷)It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, (make) sure it’s a relief fromdaily stress rather than another thing to worry about.(make 祈
使句用动词原形)2语态(主
被浙)(2020年动江省高考英语试卷) And,as more children were born,more food 59.(need).( was needed句意:
随着越多的小孩
出生,越多的食物被需要。分析句子,逻辑主语和need之间被示表动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去用时间,的以时态应所
过去时。故此处应用过去时的被food动语态。为不可数名词。故填was needed。)(2020年山东省高考英语试卷(新高考全国Ⅰ卷)) The parts of a museum open to the public 40 . (call) galleries or rooms.(are called 本句考查一
般现在时的被动语态)(2020年全国
ⅡyThe卷) are easy 68 (care) f and make great presents.(to care or这个是主动形式表示被动含义与谓语,本句中
部1(2017全国分的形容词有关)卷)When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something.(are removed 主语是fat and salt,be动词是复数形式,
被动表示脂肪和糖从食物中被除去en(2017全国2卷)Steam )gines _____(use) to pull the carriages...(were used 根据全文判定时态为一
般过去时,根据主语engines判定为复数,
被动表示蒸汽引擎被用...于)(2016全国1卷) I______(arrow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.(was allowed 首先文章是一般过去
时的记叙文,其次我是单数,被允许为被动语态)3主谓一
致(2020年山东省高考英语试卷(新高考全国Ⅰ卷)) Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection41 . (be) on display.
(is 主语是collcetion 为单数,谓语也用单数)(2020年全国
Ⅱis)This 卷 why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62 (carry) special significance.(carries 表语由句的主语是decorating 从
介词with引导的词语不是主语,谓语动词与with等介词前面的主语保持一致 (2019全国1卷)three are declining, six ) (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. (are 主语six指
发现的六
个企鹅种群,为复数)原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!4
(2017全国2卷) Later, engineers ______(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道


变,化(定式,动名不词现在分词,过去分词)(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷) Later,they learned to work with the seasons (season),planting at the right time and,in dryareas, 63 . (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.( making 句意:后来,
他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播
种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,make所处的分句中无主语,故此make useof处需用非谓语动词。和逻辑主语they之
间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用�
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