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①over the past＋时间段”常与现在完成时连用；动名词短语using chemicalfertilizers作主语，谓语动词用单数。②have been finding是现在完成进行时形式，表示动作从过去持续到现在，而且目前还在进行中。③cause damage to对……产生损害。What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers ④？ First，they damage theland by killing the helpful bacteria(细菌) and pests(害虫) as well as the harmful ones.Chemicalsalso stay in the ground and underground water for a long time.This affects cropsand，therefore，animals and humans，since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just bewashed off.These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time.Many of thesechemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.In addition，fruit，vegetables and other food grownwith chemical fertilizers ⑤ usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition(营养)．They may lookbeautiful，but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.化肥带来的问题有哪些呢？首先，化肥在杀死病菌和害虫的同时也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。化学物质还会在地里和地下水中保存很长时间，这影响到庄稼，从而影响到动物和人，因为化学物质会进入农作物里面，而不能被冲洗掉。随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学物质会在人体中堆积。这里面有很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。另外，施过化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生长得过快而营养不足。它们表面上可能很好看，但是里面所含的水分通常比维生素和矿物质多。[助读讲解] ④过去分词短语caused by chemical fertilizers作后置定语。⑤过去分词短语grown with chemical fertilizers作后置定语。With these discoveries ⑥，some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to ⑦organic farming.Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.They focus on
Unit 2 Working the landCHEMICAL(化学的) OR ORGANIC(有机的) FARMING?Over the past half century ， using chemical fertilizers( 化肥 ) has become very common in farming ①．Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production.Recently，however，scientists have been finding ② that longterm use of these fertilizerscan cause damage to③ the land and，even more dangerous，to people's health.化学耕作还是有机耕作？在过去的半个世纪里，在耕作中使用化肥已经非常普遍。很多农民喜欢使用化肥。把它们作为防治农作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段。然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，他们会对人们的健康造成危害。[助读讲解] “
法方。他来土壤肥沃们通常保持年隔几每就换种农作物，比
如在种玉米或小麦后的一年种豌一或大豆。豆同在块经地，他们常里年隔几每就换种农作物。
例如，种玉米或小麦后来年再改种豌豆或大豆。像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带
回使土壤，从而之适宜于种植比求土壤肥沃的要作物，农如小麦或玉米机有。耕还的农民作
植种多种物农来作利同用不层次的土壤。比如先他们，植种长于生层浅的土壤花后，然生
种植再于生根深层物壤的蔬菜。一些有机耕作土农民更喜欢在农作的之间种草防，以土止水
流失，并且把草留地在里，从而成为来年物作农的天然肥料。这些不同的有机耕作的方法
有着同样的目标：种植好的粮食，并且避免损害环境o[助读讲解] ⑧动词不定式短语t或者人们的健康。 keep the soil fertile作目的状语；keep是使
役“词，这是动keep＋
宾语＋宾补”结构在⑨现。分词短语growing corn or wheat and then the next year peasor soybeans 作状语。⑩现在分词短语making it ready for crops...作
结果状语，表示一种必然的结
果，这里make的用法跟前面keep的用法一致。第
一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意速
教材课文P14读，匹配段落大ra1．Pa意.1 A．Problems caused by chemical fertilizers.2．Para.2B．Farmers and customers turn to organic farming.3．Para.3 C．Longterm use of chemical fert
keeping their soil(土壤) rich and free of disease.A healthy soil reduces(减少) disease and helpscrops grow strong and healthy.Organic farmers，therefore，often prefer using natural waste fromanimals as fertilizer.They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so morefertile(肥沃的)．This also keeps the air，soil，water and crops free from chemicals.由于这些发现，一些农民和许多消费者开始转向有机耕作。有机耕作就是不用任何化学肥料的耕作。他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。健康的土壤会减少病虫害并且帮助农作物茁壮成长。因此，使用有机耕作的农民们通常爱使用天然的动物粪便当作肥料。他们认为这可以让地里的土壤更富含矿物质，变得更肥沃，还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。[助读讲解] ⑥With these discoveries在句中作原因状语。⑦turn to转向；求助于。Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile ⑧．They often change thekind of crop in each field every few years，for example，growing corn or wheat and then the nextyear peas or soybeans( 大豆 ) ⑨．Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into thesoil，making it ready for crops ⑩ such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.Organic farmersalso plant crops to use different levels of soil，for example，planting peanuts that use the ground'ssurface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots(根)．Some organic farmers prefer plantinggrass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil，and then leaving it in theground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop.These many different organic farmingmethods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people'shealth.有机耕作的农民也使用很多其他的
细读——把细读握文章关键信息P14教材课文
，选择最i1．From the passage，we can see organic farmers are those who ．A．grow crops with chem佳答案cal fertilizersB．grow crops with natural fertilizersC．produce organic fertilizersD．care for the environment2．From the fourth paragraph，we know that ．A．it's not good to plant grass between cropsB．peanuts use the surface of soilC．peas and soybeans should be grown together with corn and wheatD．vegetables that put down deep roots are harmful to the soil3． so that the soil may not get exhausted.A．Farmers grow the same crops year after yearB．Farmers use natural fertilizersC．Farmers change crops every two or three yearsD．Farmers use chemical fertilizers4．How many ways do the organic farmers have to keep their soil fertile and healthy?A．3. B．4.C．5.D．6.[答案] 1－4 BBCB第三步
研读——能力升华 接轨高考根
据P14教材课文，在空白处填个1入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确reOver the past half century，it has become very common for farmers to use chemical fertilizersin farming.1.It is a g形式。at way to stop crop disease and increaseproduction.Recently，however，scientists 2.have been finding(find) that longterm use of thesefertilizers can cause damage to the land and make people 3.unhealthy(health)．There are lots ofproblems caused by chemical fertilizers.Therefore some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming，whichis 4.simply(simple) farming without using any chemicals.Farmers focus on keeping their soil richand free 5.of disease by using different methods.For example，they prefer using natural waste from6.animals(animal) as fertilizer.They often change 7.the kind of crop in each field every fewyears.They also plant crops 8.to use(use) different levels of soil.What's more，they prefer plantinggrass between crops to prevent the soil from 9.being carried(carry) away by wind orwater.10.Their(they) goal is to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people's
ilizers can cause damage to the land and people's health.4．Para.4D．Other methods to keep the soil fertile.[答案] 1－4 CABD第二步
拼写根
据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列l1．It is impolite to make comments (评论) on a lady's weight.2．While reading，he 单词ikes underlining (画底线标出) the words and sentences he likes.3．Bacteria (细菌) are very small living things，some of which cause illness or disease.4．We are having difficulty in getting rid of the pests (害虫) in our garden.5．She is anxious to skim (浏览) through the article trying to find her name.6．His great regret in life is that he didn't bring home the America's Cup.7．Since the soil is rich in minerals，the plants of the field grow well.8．Finally，we found the root of the problem.9．They've reduced the prices in the shop，so it's a good time to do some shopping.10．Health and environmental problems have increasingly become the focus of attention.Ⅱ.拓展
词汇根
据词性和汉语提示，写出下列c1．单词onfuse vt.使
迷惑；使为令→难conusing adj.f人迷惑u→c感nf的sed adj.o到迷惑n→co的．sion nfu
迷惑2．chemical adj.化学的；
关．化学家；→c于化学的emistry n．化学→chemist nh药剂师3．produce vt.生产；
制o→pr造ducer n．生产者；制片．生产；→producti人n no制o4．disc造ver vt.发现；发
觉；观察；sc→di观测overy n．发现；发觉5．summary n．
总结；摘要；概总结→summarize要vt. ；概述Ⅲ.补全
短语根
据提示补全下列短语1．cause damage to 给……造成损害2．build up 逐渐增强
；建立．3；开发lead to
Unit 2 Working the landCHEMICAL(化学的) OR ORGANIC(有机的) FARMING?Over the past half century ， using chemical fertilizers( 化肥 ) has become very common in farming ①．Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production.Recently，however，scientists have been finding ② that longterm use of these fertilizerscan cause damage to③ the land and，even more dangerous，to people's health.化学耕作还是有机耕作？在过去的半个世纪里，在耕作中使用化肥已经非常普遍。很多农民喜欢使用化肥。把它们作为防治农作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段。然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，他们会对人们的健康造成危害。[助读讲解] “
法方。他来土壤肥沃们通常保持年隔几每就换种农作物，比
如在种玉米或小麦后的一年种豌一或大豆。豆同在块经地，他们常里年隔几每就换种农作物。
例如，种玉米或小麦后来年再改种豌豆或大豆。像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带
回使土壤，从而之适宜于种植比求土壤肥沃的要作物，农如小麦或玉米机有。耕还的农民作
植种多种物农来作利同用不层次的土壤。比如先他们，植种长于生层浅的土壤花后，然生
种植再于生根深层物壤的蔬菜。一些有机耕作土农民更喜欢在农作的之间种草防，以土止水
流失，并且把草留地在里，从而成为来年物作农的天然肥料。这些不同的有机耕作的方法
有着同样的目标：种植好的粮食，并且避免损害环境o[助读讲解] ⑧动词不定式短语t或者人们的健康。 keep the soil fertile作目的状语；keep是使
役“词，这是动keep＋
宾语＋宾补”结构在⑨现。分词短语growing corn or wheat and then the next year peasor soybeans 作状语。⑩现在分词短语making it ready for crops...作
结果状语，表示一种必然的结
果，这里make的用法跟前面keep的用法一致。第
一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意速
教材课文P14读，匹配段落大ra1．Pa意.1 A．Problems caused by chemical fertilizers.2．Para.2B．Farmers and customers turn to organic farming.3．Para.3 C．Longterm use of chemical fert
keeping their soil(土壤) rich and free of disease.A healthy soil reduces(减少) disease and helpscrops grow strong and healthy.Organic farmers，therefore，often prefer using natural waste fromanimals as fertilizer.They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so morefertile(肥沃的)．This also keeps the air，soil，water and crops free from chemicals.由于这些发现，一些农民和许多消费者开始转向有机耕作。有机耕作就是不用任何化学肥料的耕作。他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。健康的土壤会减少病虫害并且帮助农作物茁壮成长。因此，使用有机耕作的农民们通常爱使用天然的动物粪便当作肥料。他们认为这可以让地里的土壤更富含矿物质，变得更肥沃，还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。[助读讲解] ⑥With these discoveries在句中作原因状语。⑦turn to转向；求助于。Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile ⑧．They often change thekind of crop in each field every few years，for example，growing corn or wheat and then the nextyear peas or soybeans( 大豆 ) ⑨．Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into thesoil，making it ready for crops ⑩ such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.Organic farmersalso plant crops to use different levels of soil，for example，planting peanuts that use the ground'ssurface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots(根)．Some organic farmers prefer plantinggrass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil，and then leaving it in theground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop.These many different organic farmingmethods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people'shealth.有机耕作的农民也使用很多其他的
细读——把细读握文章关键信息P14教材课文
，选择最i1．From the passage，we can see organic farmers are those who ．A．grow crops with chem佳答案cal fertilizersB．grow crops with natural fertilizersC．produce organic fertilizersD．care for the environment2．From the fourth paragraph，we know that ．A．it's not good to plant grass between cropsB．peanuts use the surface of soilC．peas and soybeans should be grown together with corn and wheatD．vegetables that put down deep roots are harmful to the soil3． so that the soil may not get exhausted.A．Farmers grow the same crops year after yearB．Farmers use natural fertilizersC．Farmers change crops every two or three yearsD．Farmers use chemical fertilizers4．How many ways do the organic farmers have to keep their soil fertile and healthy?A．3. B．4.C．5.D．6.[答案] 1－4 BBCB第三步
研读——能力升华 接轨高考根
据P14教材课文，在空白处填个1入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确reOver the past half century，it has become very common for farmers to use chemical fertilizersin farming.1.It is a g形式。at way to stop crop disease and increaseproduction.Recently，however，scientists 2.have been finding(find) that longterm use of thesefertilizers can cause damage to the land and make people 3.unhealthy(health)．There are lots ofproblems caused by chemical fertilizers.Therefore some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming，whichis 4.simply(simple) farming without using any chemicals.Farmers focus on keeping their soil richand free 5.of disease by using different methods.For example，they prefer using natural waste from6.animals(animal) as fertilizer.They often change 7.the kind of crop in each field every fewyears.They also plant crops 8.to use(use) different levels of soil.What's more，they prefer plantinggrass between crops to prevent the soil from 9.being carried(carry) away by wind orwater.10.Their(they) goal is to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people's
ilizers can cause damage to the land and people's health.4．Para.4D．Other methods to keep the soil fertile.[答案] 1－4 CABD第二步
拼写根
据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列l1．It is impolite to make comments (评论) on a lady's weight.2．While reading，he 单词ikes underlining (画底线标出) the words and sentences he likes.3．Bacteria (细菌) are very small living things，some of which cause illness or disease.4．We are having difficulty in getting rid of the pests (害虫) in our garden.5．She is anxious to skim (浏览) through the article trying to find her name.6．His great regret in life is that he didn't bring home the America's Cup.7．Since the soil is rich in minerals，the plants of the field grow well.8．Finally，we found the root of the problem.9．They've reduced the prices in the shop，so it's a good time to do some shopping.10．Health and environmental problems have increasingly become the focus of attention.Ⅱ.拓展
词汇根
据词性和汉语提示，写出下列c1．单词onfuse vt.使
迷惑；使为令→难conusing adj.f人迷惑u→c感nf的sed adj.o到迷惑n→co的．sion nfu
迷惑2．chemical adj.化学的；
关．化学家；→c于化学的emistry n．化学→chemist nh药剂师3．produce vt.生产；
制o→pr造ducer n．生产者；制片．生产；→producti人n no制o4．disc造ver vt.发现；发
觉；观察；sc→di观测overy n．发现；发觉5．summary n．
总结；摘要；概总结→summarize要vt. ；概述Ⅲ.补全
短语根
据提示补全下列短语1．cause damage to 给……造成损害2．build up 逐渐增强
；建立．3；开发lead to
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