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Unit 2
GrammarGrammar
1. He said: “I’ve left my pen in my room.”→ He told me that he had left his book in his room.She said that he would be busy.2. She said: “He will be busy.”→ 复习 (把下列直接引语改为间接引语)
She asked Tom if/whether he could help her.3. She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”→
1. 陈述句的间接引语—连接词用that, 在 口语中可省略。引述动词用said, told,等。例如： He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.” → He told me that he had left his book in his room. 复习规律
2. 疑问句的间接引语。一般疑问句后连接 词用if或whether，而引述选择疑问句时 只能用whether，引述动词用asked，没 有间接引语的可以加一个间接宾语me, him等。 例如： She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” → She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.
3. 特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序。例如： → The teacher asked me how I had repaired it. The teacher asked, “How did you repair it?”
4.如何变时态： 直接引语 间接引语一般现在时一般将来时现在进行时一般过去时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去将来时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时
如：1) She said. “I have lost a pen.” →She said she had lost a pen.2) She said. “We hope so.” →She said they hoped so.3) She said. “He will go to see his friend.” →She said he would go to see his friend.
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
(1) 直接引语是客观真理。“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.
(2) 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时, 时态不变。 Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.” →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.
(3) 直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的,习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的,变间接引语时, 时态保持不变。 The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.” → The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.
(4) 若直接引语中含有when, since, while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句, 变间接引语时,从句时态不变。如： She said, “I went there when I was six years old.” → She said she had gone there when she was six years old.
(5) 若直接引语的谓语中含有would, should, might, must, used to, ought to, had better等动词时,不变。如： She said, “We should help each other.” → She said we should help each other.
(例: this 改为that), 如：He said, “These books are mine.” →He said those books were his.
5.如何变状语： 直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”例: now变为then, yesterday变为 the day before, today变为that day。 地点状语, 尤其表示方向性的, 或用指示代词修饰的状语, 由“此”改为“彼”
指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化: this→ that; these→ those ; now→ then; yesterday→ the day before; today→ that day; tomorrow→ the next day; next week (month, year)→ the next week (month, year); ago→ before; here→ there．
祈使句的间接引语——采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。 told/asked/ordered sb. (not) to do sth.祈使句的直接引语和间接引语
如果祈使句是表示请求，间接引语的动词常用ask，如果是表示命令，间接引语的动词常用tell, order, command等。
直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)祈使句The officer said to him, “Don’t leave your post.”不定式The officer ordered him not to leave his post.
直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)Let’s开头的祈使句 I said to him, “Let’s start at once.”that 引导的宾语从句I suggested to him that we (should) start at once.
直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)感叹句He said: “How happy I am!”that/what/how引导的宾语从句He said that he was very happy.He said how happy he was.
例如: 1. The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.” → The mother asked Tom to get up early.2. The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”→ The teacher told the students not to waste their time.
例如： He said, "Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.直接引语如果是以“Let’s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”
1.“Please close the window,” he said to me. →He ______ me _____ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked; to close D. said to; please close练一练
2. He said, “Don’t do that again.” He _____ me _______ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; don’t do C. told me; don’t do D. told me; not to do
3. “Don’t put it on my hat.” his wife said to him. His wife told him ___ put it on ___ hat. A. don’t, his B. don’t, her C. not to, his D. not to, her
4. Rose asked Tom, “Did you see my purse?” Rose asked Tom ___. A. whether that he had seen her purse B. whether he had seen her purse C. that whether he had seen her purse D. that if he has seen her purse
5. He asked me ________ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter
解析:如果直接引语是“What’s the matter?” “What’s wrong?” “What’s the trouble?”, 变间接引语时语序不变。
6. He asked , “Are you a Party member or a League member?” →He asked me ______. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member 解析: 选择疑问句要变成whether或if 引导的宾语从句
7. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked. →She asked ________. A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.解析: 反意疑问句要变成whether或 if引导的宾语从句.
8. He asked ________ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
9. The boy said, “May I go along with you?” The boy asked me ___. A. if I might go along with you B. if he might go along with you C. if he might go along with me D. if he might go along with the boy
10. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” →He ____ very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was
练一练1.He said, “My sister was here for three days.” He said that ___ sister ___ ____ ____ ___ three days.2. She said, “I’ll go there tomorrow.” She said that ___ _____ go there ___________.hishad beenthere forshe wouldthe next day
3. She said, “Did you see him last night?” She _____ me __________________ him ______________.4. “When did you go to bed last night?” Father said to Peter. Father _____ Peter ______________ ____ the night ______.askedif/whether I has seenthe night beforeaskedwhen he went tobeforebed
单句改错。1.Mr. Liu told us don’t be late again.2. He says we were to meet him at the station.3. Mum said to me to make sure the light was turned off.said to → tolddon’t → not towere → are
1. Make up a dialogue with your partner. One use direct speech, the other use indirect speech. And act it out next class.Homework
GrammarGrammar
1. He said: “I’ve left my pen in my room.”→ He told me that he had left his book in his room.She said that he would be busy.2. She said: “He will be busy.”→ 复习 (把下列直接引语改为间接引语)
She asked Tom if/whether he could help her.3. She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”→
1. 陈述句的间接引语—连接词用that, 在 口语中可省略。引述动词用said, told,等。例如： He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.” → He told me that he had left his book in his room. 复习规律
2. 疑问句的间接引语。一般疑问句后连接 词用if或whether，而引述选择疑问句时 只能用whether，引述动词用asked，没 有间接引语的可以加一个间接宾语me, him等。 例如： She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” → She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.
3. 特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序。例如： → The teacher asked me how I had repaired it. The teacher asked, “How did you repair it?”
4.如何变时态： 直接引语 间接引语一般现在时一般将来时现在进行时一般过去时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去将来时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时
如：1) She said. “I have lost a pen.” →She said she had lost a pen.2) She said. “We hope so.” →She said they hoped so.3) She said. “He will go to see his friend.” →She said he would go to see his friend.
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
(1) 直接引语是客观真理。“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.
(2) 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时, 时态不变。 Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.” →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.
(3) 直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的,习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的,变间接引语时, 时态保持不变。 The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.” → The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.
(4) 若直接引语中含有when, since, while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句, 变间接引语时,从句时态不变。如： She said, “I went there when I was six years old.” → She said she had gone there when she was six years old.
(5) 若直接引语的谓语中含有would, should, might, must, used to, ought to, had better等动词时,不变。如： She said, “We should help each other.” → She said we should help each other.
(例: this 改为that), 如：He said, “These books are mine.” →He said those books were his.
5.如何变状语： 直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”例: now变为then, yesterday变为 the day before, today变为that day。 地点状语, 尤其表示方向性的, 或用指示代词修饰的状语, 由“此”改为“彼”
指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化: this→ that; these→ those ; now→ then; yesterday→ the day before; today→ that day; tomorrow→ the next day; next week (month, year)→ the next week (month, year); ago→ before; here→ there．
祈使句的间接引语——采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。 told/asked/ordered sb. (not) to do sth.祈使句的直接引语和间接引语
如果祈使句是表示请求，间接引语的动词常用ask，如果是表示命令，间接引语的动词常用tell, order, command等。
直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)祈使句The officer said to him, “Don’t leave your post.”不定式The officer ordered him not to leave his post.
直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)Let’s开头的祈使句 I said to him, “Let’s start at once.”that 引导的宾语从句I suggested to him that we (should) start at once.
直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)感叹句He said: “How happy I am!”that/what/how引导的宾语从句He said that he was very happy.He said how happy he was.
例如: 1. The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.” → The mother asked Tom to get up early.2. The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”→ The teacher told the students not to waste their time.
例如： He said, "Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.直接引语如果是以“Let’s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”
1.“Please close the window,” he said to me. →He ______ me _____ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked; to close D. said to; please close练一练
2. He said, “Don’t do that again.” He _____ me _______ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; don’t do C. told me; don’t do D. told me; not to do
3. “Don’t put it on my hat.” his wife said to him. His wife told him ___ put it on ___ hat. A. don’t, his B. don’t, her C. not to, his D. not to, her
4. Rose asked Tom, “Did you see my purse?” Rose asked Tom ___. A. whether that he had seen her purse B. whether he had seen her purse C. that whether he had seen her purse D. that if he has seen her purse
5. He asked me ________ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter
解析:如果直接引语是“What’s the matter?” “What’s wrong?” “What’s the trouble?”, 变间接引语时语序不变。
6. He asked , “Are you a Party member or a League member?” →He asked me ______. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member 解析: 选择疑问句要变成whether或if 引导的宾语从句
7. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked. →She asked ________. A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.解析: 反意疑问句要变成whether或 if引导的宾语从句.
8. He asked ________ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
9. The boy said, “May I go along with you?” The boy asked me ___. A. if I might go along with you B. if he might go along with you C. if he might go along with me D. if he might go along with the boy
10. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” →He ____ very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was
练一练1.He said, “My sister was here for three days.” He said that ___ sister ___ ____ ____ ___ three days.2. She said, “I’ll go there tomorrow.” She said that ___ _____ go there ___________.hishad beenthere forshe wouldthe next day
3. She said, “Did you see him last night?” She _____ me __________________ him ______________.4. “When did you go to bed last night?” Father said to Peter. Father _____ Peter ______________ ____ the night ______.askedif/whether I has seenthe night beforeaskedwhen he went tobeforebed
单句改错。1.Mr. Liu told us don’t be late again.2. He says we were to meet him at the station.3. Mum said to me to make sure the light was turned off.said to → tolddon’t → not towere → are
1. Make up a dialogue with your partner. One use direct speech, the other use indirect speech. And act it out next class.Homework
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