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第一部分 教材知识梳理八年级下册 Units 1~2
1核心知识导览2重点指导航标3必备知识精析4核心素养提升· 1 ·
核心知识导览· 2 ·
重点指导航标一、重点词汇Unit 11. north—__________（形容词）2. marry—__________（形容词）3. wife—__________（复数形式）4. pollute—__________（名词）5. factory—__________（复数形式）6. possible—__________（反义词） —__________（名词）7. communicate—______________（名词）8. past—__________（反义词）9. recent—__________（副词）10. environment—______________（形容词）· 3 ·northernmarriedwivespollutionfactoriesimpossiblepossibilitycommunicationpresentrecentlyenvironmental
Unit 21. travel—__________（动名词） —__________（名词,指人）2. magic—__________（形容词）3. feel—__________（过去式/ 过去分词） —__________（名词）· 4 ·4. die—__________（形容词） —__________（名词） —__________（现在分词）5. beauty—__________（形容词）travellingtravellermagicalfeltfeelingdeaddeathdyingbeautiful
二、重点短语Unit 11. ________ to 曾经（用于过去持续或 经常发生的事）2. in some ________ 在某种程度上3. ________ ________ to 习惯于4. ________ one’s ________ 某人的一生5. go ________ 出国· 5 ·6. keep ________ ________ 保持联系7. ________ into 把……变成……8. from ________ to time 不时，偶尔，有时9. ________ the ________ 在黑暗中10. ________ space 开阔的空地usedwaysbe/ getusedalllifeabroadintouchturntimeindarkopen
· 6 ·Unit 21. ________ the ________ of 在……末尾2. ________ after 追逐3. ________ the ________ 顺便说一下4. ________ for a ________ 去野餐5. ________ for 前往6. enjoy ________ 玩得开心7. ________ as 例如8. a ________ of 一对；几个9. ________ ready 准备好10. on ________ 出差atendrunbywaygopicnicleaveoneselfsuchcouplegetbusiness
知识点 1 现在完成时（Unit 1）（详见“语法专项复习”部分）知识点 2 辨析 since 与 for（Unit 1） since 意为“自从……”，与现在完成时连用。For 主要用于现在完成时和一般过去时。常见结构如下： 1.“since +过去的时间点（如年、月、日、钟点等）”。例如： I have been here since 1989. 2.“since +一段时间+ ago”意为“自从……前”。例如： I have been here since five months ago.必备知识精析· 7 ·
3.“since +从句”，从句用一般过去时。例如： Great changes have taken place since you left. 4.“It is +一段时间+ since +从句”或“It has been +时间段+ since +从句”。例如： It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 5. since 作连词时，意为“因为，既然，鉴于”。例如： Since the rain has stopped，let’s go for a walk. 6.“for +时间段”用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如： My brother has been in the Youth League for two years. 注意：在肯定句中，与for，since 连用构成时间状语的动词要用延续性动词。· 8 ·小试牛刀
知识点 3 辨析 yet，already 与 still（Unit 1） 1. yet 意为“尚未”，常用于完成时态的否定句和疑问句中，位于句末。例如： I can’t go to the cinema, because I haven’t finished the work yet. 2. already 意为“已经”，表示某事的发生比预期要早，常用于完成时态的肯定句中。例如： When I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left. 3. still 意为“仍，还”，表示某事仍在继续，比预期结束得晚，用于各种句式，常位于句中。例如： It’s ten o’clock, but the mother is still waiting for her son.· 9 ·小试牛刀
知识点 4 marry 的用法（Unit 1） marry 既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，意为“结婚；嫁；娶”。常见用法如下： 1. marry sb. 意为“嫁给某人；娶某人；与……结婚”。例如： John married Mary last week. 2. be/ get married to sb. 意为“与某人结婚”。Marry 是非延续性动词，它在完成时中不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如： She got married to a firefighter.· 10 ·
3. have been married (to sb.) 意为“已经（与某人）结婚”，表示状态，后面常跟“for +一段时间”。例如： They have been married for 13 years. 4. marry 用作不及物动词时，往往用副词或介词短语来修饰。例如： She married very early.· 11 ·小试牛刀
知识点 5 辨析 used to do sth.，be/ get used to (doing) sth. 与 be used to do sth.（Unit 1） 1. used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”。例如： I used to listen to music before sleeping. 2. be/ get used to (doing) sth. 意为“习惯于（做）某事”，to 为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。例如： I am used to listening to music before sleeping. 3. be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”，相当于 be used for doing sth.。例如： The machine is used to wash bowls.（相当于The machine is used for washing bowls.）· 12 ·小试牛刀
知识点 6 It’s +形容词（+ for/ of sb.）+ to do sth. 句型的用法（Unit 2） 1. It is +形容词+ to do sth. 句型中，it 在句中作形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。有时动词不定式有自己的逻辑主语，常由 for/ of sb. 构成。 2. 当句型中的形容词描述的是事物的特征、性质等时，介词用 for。这类形容词有easy，difficult，interesting，funny，dangerous，important，useful，impossible等。 3. 当句型中的形容词描述的是行为者的性格、品质等时，介词用 of。这类形容词有 kind，nice，friendly，right，clever，polite，careless，cute等。例如： It’s interesting for us to play games in the park，but I think it’s impolite of us to make so much noise in public.· 13 ·小试牛刀
知识点 7 辨析 have been to，have gone to 与 have been in/ at（Unit 2） 1. have been to 意为“曾去过某地”，人已经回来，强调经历，常与 just，ever，never 连用，后面可接表示次数的副词。例如： Sanya is a beautiful city. I have been there twice. 2. have gone to 意为“到某地去了”，指人不在说话现场，一般不用第一人称和第二人称作主语。例如： My uncle Mike has gone to Wuhan.He is not at home now. 3. have been in/ at 意为“待在某地”，表示状态，常接表示时间段的状语，如 since 1996，for six days。例如： His grandparents have been in Shanghai for about forty years.· 14 ·
注意: （1）当 have been to 和 have gone to 后跟某些地点副词，如 home，here，there 等时，介词 to 要省略。 （2）在 have been in/ at 中，通常 in 后接大地点，at 后接小地点。· 15 ·小试牛刀
之内体与整，体种是一排除ast系They all went to the park l关 Saturday except Lucy.except for意为“除……
之外”，表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对
局部的否定，起
部分修正作用Your composition is good except for some over colouring here and there.
知识点 8 辨析 except，except for，besides 与 but（Unit 2）· 16 ·易混词（组）含义及用法例句except意为“将……排除在外”，不包含在整
之”，还有……外，包含在整
体之内，与整体是一种累加关
系I like to learn Maths besides Chemistry.but和 except 的用法
基本相同，但着重强调整句的
内容，且于惯上用习 every，all，any，nothing，who 等词后Nobody came but me.
续表· 17 ·小试牛刀易混词（组）含义及用法例句besides意为“除……
尽头时，后接”间或地点，其o义词组为 at the beginning of。例如： The booksh反p is at the end of the street. 2. by the end of 意为“到……末为
止将，常用于一般”来时或过去完成时。例如： Let me know by the end of the week. 3. in the end 意为“
最后”，多 于一般过去时，相当于用finally 或 at last，此
时不能 of和连用。例如： In the end，we found the house.· 18 ·小试牛刀
知识点 9 辨析 at the end of，by the end of 和 in the end（Unit 2） 1. at the end of 意为“在……末尾，在……的
单项y择1. Millie isn’t here. She has ______ to the librar选. A. gone B. go C. went D. going2. All of you went to the zoo ______ Wang Tao. He has to finish his homework. A. besides B. with C. except D. beside3. —Have you finished your homework ______? —Yes, I’ve done it ______. A. yet; already B. already; yet C. ever; never D. still; just核心素养提升· 19 ·ACA
一、
4. I have been a student ______ 1997. I have studied here ______ about 10 years. A. since; for B. for; since C. before; for D.in; after5. He used to ______ in a village, but now he has been used to ______ in the big city. A. live; living B. live; live C. living; living D. living; live6. —Maths is too difficult. I nearly give it up. —Nothing is ______ if you put your heart into it. A. possible B. impossible C. important D. interesting7. I felt ______ when I heard the ______ news. A. exciting; excited B. excited; exciting C. exciting; exciting D. excited; excited· 20 ·AABB
8. Mr and Mrs Liu both like travelling. They have been to many cities since they ______. A. have been married B. have got married C. got married
1核心知识导览2重点指导航标3必备知识精析4核心素养提升· 1 ·
核心知识导览· 2 ·
重点指导航标一、重点词汇Unit 11. north—__________（形容词）2. marry—__________（形容词）3. wife—__________（复数形式）4. pollute—__________（名词）5. factory—__________（复数形式）6. possible—__________（反义词） —__________（名词）7. communicate—______________（名词）8. past—__________（反义词）9. recent—__________（副词）10. environment—______________（形容词）· 3 ·northernmarriedwivespollutionfactoriesimpossiblepossibilitycommunicationpresentrecentlyenvironmental
Unit 21. travel—__________（动名词） —__________（名词,指人）2. magic—__________（形容词）3. feel—__________（过去式/ 过去分词） —__________（名词）· 4 ·4. die—__________（形容词） —__________（名词） —__________（现在分词）5. beauty—__________（形容词）travellingtravellermagicalfeltfeelingdeaddeathdyingbeautiful
二、重点短语Unit 11. ________ to 曾经（用于过去持续或 经常发生的事）2. in some ________ 在某种程度上3. ________ ________ to 习惯于4. ________ one’s ________ 某人的一生5. go ________ 出国· 5 ·6. keep ________ ________ 保持联系7. ________ into 把……变成……8. from ________ to time 不时，偶尔，有时9. ________ the ________ 在黑暗中10. ________ space 开阔的空地usedwaysbe/ getusedalllifeabroadintouchturntimeindarkopen
· 6 ·Unit 21. ________ the ________ of 在……末尾2. ________ after 追逐3. ________ the ________ 顺便说一下4. ________ for a ________ 去野餐5. ________ for 前往6. enjoy ________ 玩得开心7. ________ as 例如8. a ________ of 一对；几个9. ________ ready 准备好10. on ________ 出差atendrunbywaygopicnicleaveoneselfsuchcouplegetbusiness
知识点 1 现在完成时（Unit 1）（详见“语法专项复习”部分）知识点 2 辨析 since 与 for（Unit 1） since 意为“自从……”，与现在完成时连用。For 主要用于现在完成时和一般过去时。常见结构如下： 1.“since +过去的时间点（如年、月、日、钟点等）”。例如： I have been here since 1989. 2.“since +一段时间+ ago”意为“自从……前”。例如： I have been here since five months ago.必备知识精析· 7 ·
3.“since +从句”，从句用一般过去时。例如： Great changes have taken place since you left. 4.“It is +一段时间+ since +从句”或“It has been +时间段+ since +从句”。例如： It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 5. since 作连词时，意为“因为，既然，鉴于”。例如： Since the rain has stopped，let’s go for a walk. 6.“for +时间段”用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如： My brother has been in the Youth League for two years. 注意：在肯定句中，与for，since 连用构成时间状语的动词要用延续性动词。· 8 ·小试牛刀
知识点 3 辨析 yet，already 与 still（Unit 1） 1. yet 意为“尚未”，常用于完成时态的否定句和疑问句中，位于句末。例如： I can’t go to the cinema, because I haven’t finished the work yet. 2. already 意为“已经”，表示某事的发生比预期要早，常用于完成时态的肯定句中。例如： When I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left. 3. still 意为“仍，还”，表示某事仍在继续，比预期结束得晚，用于各种句式，常位于句中。例如： It’s ten o’clock, but the mother is still waiting for her son.· 9 ·小试牛刀
知识点 4 marry 的用法（Unit 1） marry 既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，意为“结婚；嫁；娶”。常见用法如下： 1. marry sb. 意为“嫁给某人；娶某人；与……结婚”。例如： John married Mary last week. 2. be/ get married to sb. 意为“与某人结婚”。Marry 是非延续性动词，它在完成时中不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如： She got married to a firefighter.· 10 ·
3. have been married (to sb.) 意为“已经（与某人）结婚”，表示状态，后面常跟“for +一段时间”。例如： They have been married for 13 years. 4. marry 用作不及物动词时，往往用副词或介词短语来修饰。例如： She married very early.· 11 ·小试牛刀
知识点 5 辨析 used to do sth.，be/ get used to (doing) sth. 与 be used to do sth.（Unit 1） 1. used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”。例如： I used to listen to music before sleeping. 2. be/ get used to (doing) sth. 意为“习惯于（做）某事”，to 为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。例如： I am used to listening to music before sleeping. 3. be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”，相当于 be used for doing sth.。例如： The machine is used to wash bowls.（相当于The machine is used for washing bowls.）· 12 ·小试牛刀
知识点 6 It’s +形容词（+ for/ of sb.）+ to do sth. 句型的用法（Unit 2） 1. It is +形容词+ to do sth. 句型中，it 在句中作形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。有时动词不定式有自己的逻辑主语，常由 for/ of sb. 构成。 2. 当句型中的形容词描述的是事物的特征、性质等时，介词用 for。这类形容词有easy，difficult，interesting，funny，dangerous，important，useful，impossible等。 3. 当句型中的形容词描述的是行为者的性格、品质等时，介词用 of。这类形容词有 kind，nice，friendly，right，clever，polite，careless，cute等。例如： It’s interesting for us to play games in the park，but I think it’s impolite of us to make so much noise in public.· 13 ·小试牛刀
知识点 7 辨析 have been to，have gone to 与 have been in/ at（Unit 2） 1. have been to 意为“曾去过某地”，人已经回来，强调经历，常与 just，ever，never 连用，后面可接表示次数的副词。例如： Sanya is a beautiful city. I have been there twice. 2. have gone to 意为“到某地去了”，指人不在说话现场，一般不用第一人称和第二人称作主语。例如： My uncle Mike has gone to Wuhan.He is not at home now. 3. have been in/ at 意为“待在某地”，表示状态，常接表示时间段的状语，如 since 1996，for six days。例如： His grandparents have been in Shanghai for about forty years.· 14 ·
注意: （1）当 have been to 和 have gone to 后跟某些地点副词，如 home，here，there 等时，介词 to 要省略。 （2）在 have been in/ at 中，通常 in 后接大地点，at 后接小地点。· 15 ·小试牛刀
之内体与整，体种是一排除ast系They all went to the park l关 Saturday except Lucy.except for意为“除……
之外”，表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对
局部的否定，起
部分修正作用Your composition is good except for some over colouring here and there.
知识点 8 辨析 except，except for，besides 与 but（Unit 2）· 16 ·易混词（组）含义及用法例句except意为“将……排除在外”，不包含在整
之”，还有……外，包含在整
体之内，与整体是一种累加关
系I like to learn Maths besides Chemistry.but和 except 的用法
基本相同，但着重强调整句的
内容，且于惯上用习 every，all，any，nothing，who 等词后Nobody came but me.
续表· 17 ·小试牛刀易混词（组）含义及用法例句besides意为“除……
尽头时，后接”间或地点，其o义词组为 at the beginning of。例如： The booksh反p is at the end of the street. 2. by the end of 意为“到……末为
止将，常用于一般”来时或过去完成时。例如： Let me know by the end of the week. 3. in the end 意为“
最后”，多 于一般过去时，相当于用finally 或 at last，此
时不能 of和连用。例如： In the end，we found the house.· 18 ·小试牛刀
知识点 9 辨析 at the end of，by the end of 和 in the end（Unit 2） 1. at the end of 意为“在……末尾，在……的
单项y择1. Millie isn’t here. She has ______ to the librar选. A. gone B. go C. went D. going2. All of you went to the zoo ______ Wang Tao. He has to finish his homework. A. besides B. with C. except D. beside3. —Have you finished your homework ______? —Yes, I’ve done it ______. A. yet; already B. already; yet C. ever; never D. still; just核心素养提升· 19 ·ACA
一、
4. I have been a student ______ 1997. I have studied here ______ about 10 years. A. since; for B. for; since C. before; for D.in; after5. He used to ______ in a village, but now he has been used to ______ in the big city. A. live; living B. live; live C. living; living D. living; live6. —Maths is too difficult. I nearly give it up. —Nothing is ______ if you put your heart into it. A. possible B. impossible C. important D. interesting7. I felt ______ when I heard the ______ news. A. exciting; excited B. excited; exciting C. exciting; exciting D. excited; excited· 20 ·AABB
8. Mr and Mrs Liu both like travelling. They have been to many cities since they ______. A. have been married B. have got married C. got married
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